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| - %META:TOPICPARENT{name="ValQuickStartGuide"}%
---+ SQL ACLs and Restrictions - Controlling SPARQL Access in SQL Data Connections
%TOC%
---++ Introduction
Virtuoso allows control over certain functionality in SQL data connections (ODBC, JDBC, ADO.NET, OLE DB, etc.) via ACLs. These ACLs mostly refer to SPARQL and match what is described in [[VAL_SparqlACLs][SPARQL ACLs]].
The primary difference is the realm, which is <code>[[http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/acl#SqlRealm][oplacl:SqlRealm]]</code> here.
<i><b>Note:</b> SPARQL ACL rules defined in the default realm do not apply in SQL connections!</i>
There is also one additional resource, which simply allows users to perform SQL commands in addition to SPARQL: <b><code>urn:virtuoso:access:sql</code></b>. In theory, both <b><code>oplacl:Read</code></b> and <b><code>oplacl:Write</code></b> would apply, but these are not enforced yet. Either of them will currently enable all SQL commands.
---++ Private Graphs used for ACL storage
The Rules can be controlled via the [[http://docs.openlinksw.com/val/group__val__acl__module__http__api.html][VAL ACL RESTful API]] or the [[http://docs.openlinksw.com/val//group__val__acl__module__internal__api.html#ga89b2c77c10c82186ddc0e7b46093123c][Internal VAL API]]. Alternatively one can directly add the rules to the private graph matching the realm in which the rules should apply. Given the SQL realm <code><nowiki>http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/acl#SqlRealm</nowiki></code> and default hostname <code>"HOST"</code> the graph IRIs would be:
* ACL Rules: <code><nowiki>http://HOST/acl/graph/rules/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fontology%2Facl%23SqlRealm</nowiki></code>
* Groups: <code><nowiki>http://HOST/acl/graph/groups/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fontology%2Facl%23SqlRealm</nowiki></code>.
* Restrictions: <code><nowiki>http://HOST/acl/restrictions/groups/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fontology%2Facl%23SqlRealm</nowiki></code>.
Be aware that [[http://docs.openlinksw.com/val/val_configuration.html#val_configuration_acl_graphs][these graphs can be customized]] for better readability.
---++ Enabling SQL ACLs
By default ACLs will not be enforced since the ACL scope is disabled. To enable general SPARQL ACL rules in the sql realm:
<verbatim>
sparql
prefix oplacl: <http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/acl#>
with <urn:virtuoso:val:config>
delete {
oplacl:SqlRealm oplacl:hasDisabledAclScope oplacl:Query .
}
insert {
oplacl:SqlRealm oplacl:hasEnabledAclScope oplacl:Query .
};
</verbatim>
Similarly ACLs for individual private graphs are enabled via:
<verbatim>
sparql
prefix oplacl: <http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/acl#>
with <urn:virtuoso:val:config>
delete {
oplacl:SqlRealm oplacl:hasDisabledAclScope oplacl:PrivateGraphs .
}
insert {
oplacl:SqlRealm oplacl:hasEnabledAclScope oplacl:PrivateGraphs .
};
</verbatim>
---++ ACL Restrictions to Control Request and Result Limits
In addition to the ACL Rules to control who has the right to perform which actions Virtuoso allows to control certain limits via [[http://docs.openlinksw.com/val/val_acl.html#val_acl_restrictions][ACL Restrictions]].
The following restriction resources are supported:
* <code>urn:virtuoso:restrictions:sql-request-rate</code> - Limit the request rate in one SQL connection.
* <code>urn:virtuoso:restrictions:sql-content-size</code> - Limit the result content size. This applies to individual blobs as well as the whole result set.
* <code>urn:virtuoso:restrictions:sql-result-rows</code> - Limit the number of result rows.
Should no restriction apply to the authenticated person, then no limit will be enforced. Should multiple restrictions apply, then the least restrictive will apply.
---++ Examples
---+++ Restriction Examples
Placeholders in the examples need to be replaced with actual values. <code><nowiki>{FINGERPRINT-URI}</nowiki></code> refers to a URI identifying a certificate by its fingerprint. Finderprint URIs have the following format: <code>cert:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX</code>.
---++++ Restrict The Request Rate
<verbatim>
SPARQL
PREFIX oplres: <http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/restrictions#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
WITH GRAPH <http://{HOST-CNAME}/acl/restrictions/groups/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fontology%2Facl%23SqlRealm>
INSERT {
<#RequestRate> a oplres:Restriction ;
foaf:maker <{PERSON-WEBID}> ;
foaf:name "10 requests per second" ;
oplres:hasMaxValue "10"^^xsd:decimal ;
oplres:hasRestrictedResource <urn:virtuoso:restrictions:sql-request-rate> ;
oplres:hasAgent <{FINGERPRINT-URI}> ;
oplres:hasRealm oplacl:SqlRealm .
};
</verbatim>
---++++ ACL Examples
---+++++ Grant SPARQL Read Permissions to Anyone With a Valid Certificate
First we create the conditional group representing the validated certificates:
<verbatim>
SPARQL
PREFIX oplacl: <http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/acl#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
WITH GRAPH <http://{HOST-CNAME}/acl/graph/groups/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fontology%2Facl%23SqlRealm>
INSERT {
<{GROUP-IRI}> a oplacl:ConditionalGroup ;
foaf:name "Valid X.509 Certificates" ;
foaf:maker <{PERSON-WEBID}> ;
oplacl:hasCondition [
a oplacl:GroupCondition, oplacl:GenericCondition ;
oplacl:hasCriteria oplacl:CertVerified ;
oplacl:hasComparator oplacl:EqualTo ;
oplacl:hasValue 1
] .
};
</verbatim>
We then create the actual ACL rule referencing the group:
<verbatim>
SPARQL
PREFIX oplacl: <http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/acl#>
PREFIX acl: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/acl#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
WITH GRAPH <http://{HOST-CNAME}/acl/graph/rules/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fontology%2Facl%23SqlRealm>
insert {
<{RULE-IRI}> a acl:Authorization ;
foaf:maker <{PERSON-WEBID}> ;
oplacl:hasAccessMode oplacl:Read ;
acl:accessTo <urn:virtuoso:access:sparql> ;
acl:agent <{GROUP-IRI}> ;
oplacl:hasScope oplacl:Query ;
oplacl:hasRealm oplacl:SqlRealm .
};
</verbatim>
---+++++ Grant SPARQL Sponge Permission to One Certificate
<verbatim>
SPARQL
PREFIX oplacl: <http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/acl#>
PREFIX acl: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/acl#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
WITH GRAPH <http://{HOST-CNAME}/acl/graph/rules/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fontology%2Facl%23SqlRealm>
insert {
<{RULE-IRI}> a acl:Authorization ;
foaf:maker <{PERSON-WEBID}> ;
oplacl:hasAccessMode oplacl:Sponge ;
acl:accessTo <urn:virtuoso:access:sparql> ;
acl:agent <{FINGERPRINT-URI}> ;
oplacl:hasScope oplacl:Query ;
oplacl:hasRealm oplacl:SqlRealm .
};
</verbatim>
---++++ Grant SPARQL Write Permissions For One Private Graph To One Certificate
<verbatim>
SPARQL
PREFIX oplacl: <http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/acl#>
PREFIX acl: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/acl#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
WITH GRAPH <http://{HOST-CNAME}/acl/graph/rules/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fontology%2Facl%23SqlRealm>
insert {
<{RULE-IRI}> a acl:Authorization ;
foaf:maker <{PERSON-WEBID}> ;
oplacl:hasAccessMode oplacl:Write ;
acl:accessTo <{GRAPH-IRI}> ;
acl:agent <{FINGERPRINT-URI}> ;
oplacl:hasScope oplacl:PrivateGraphs ;
oplacl:hasRealm oplacl:SqlRealm .
};
</verbatim>
---++++ Grant SPARQL Write Permissions Based on a SPARQL ASK Query
First we create the conditional group which contains a SPARQL ASK Query template for testing the existence of Group and Query conditions, in conjunction with a foaf:knows relation -- that has one WebID (i.e., relation subject URI that denotes a <code>foaf:Person</code> entity e.g., <code><nowiki>http://kingsley.idehen.net/dataspace/person/kidehen#this</nowiki></code> ) as its subject and several other WebIDs as its object.
This is an example of using social network oriented relations as the basis for SQL access privileges, granted via an Authorization.
<verbatim>
SPARQL
PREFIX oplacl: <http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/acl#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
WITH GRAPH <http://{HOST-CNAME}/acl/graph/groups/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fontology%2Facl%23SqlRealm>
INSERT {
<{GROUP-IRI}> a oplacl:ConditionalGroup ;
foaf:name "Known by {PERSON-NAME}" ;
foaf:maker <{PERSON-WEBID}> ;
oplacl:hasCondition [
a oplacl:GroupCondition, oplacl:QueryCondition ;
oplacl:hasQuery """ask where {
<{PERSON-WEBID}> foaf:knows ^{uri}^ .
}"""
] .
};
</verbatim>
We then create the actual ACL rule referencing the group:
<verbatim>
SPARQL
PREFIX oplacl: <http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/acl#>
PREFIX acl: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/acl#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
WITH GRAPH <http://{HOST-CNAME}/acl/graph/rules/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fontology%2Facl%23SqlRealm>
insert {
<{RULE-IRI}> a acl:Authorization ;
foaf:maker <{PERSON-WEBID}> ;
oplacl:hasAccessMode oplacl:Write ;
acl:accessTo <{GRAPH-IRI}> ;
acl:agent <{GROUP-IRI}> ;
oplacl:hasScope oplacl:PrivateGraphs ;
oplacl:hasRealm oplacl:SqlRealm .
};
</verbatim>
---++ See Also
* [[VAL_SparqlACLs][SPARQL ACLs]]
* [[http://docs.openlinksw.com/val/val_acl.html][VAL ACL System]]
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